聚合物基建筑保温材料的热行为及燃烧行为

Thermal Behavior and Combustion Behavior of Polymer Based Thermal Insulation Materials for Buildings

关键词:  保温材料  热行为  燃烧行为  火灾危险性

Key words:  thermal insulation material  thermal behavior  combustion behavior  fire risk

摘要:

对模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板（EPS），挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板（XPS）和聚异氰酸酯聚氨酯泡沫板（PIR PU）的热分解行为、燃烧行为、燃烧烟气中的主要毒害气体和热裂解产物进行了研究.结果表明：PIR PU的初始分解温度和最大热分解温度明显低于EPS和XPS，EPS和XPS的热分解行为基本相同，高温下PIR PU的残炭率高，而EPS和XPS基本不成炭；PIR PU的热释放速率、总热释放量、生烟速率和总生烟量均明显低于EPS和XPS，但PIR PU点燃时间比EPS和XPS短；PIR PU，EPS和XPS的燃烧烟气中均存在CO和HCN等毒害气体，有效剂量分数（FED值）表明PIR PU的燃烧烟气毒性最大；PIR PU热裂解产物中的异氰酸酯衍生物、苯胺衍生物和含氯阻燃剂是其燃烧生成HCN和HCl的主要原因，而EPS和XPS热裂解产物中大量的芳香族衍生物是其生烟量较大的一个重要原因.

Abstract:

The thermal decomposition behavior, combustion behavior and pyrolysis behavior of expandable polystyrene（EPS）, extruded polystyrene（XPS） and polyisocyanate polyurethane（PIR PU） were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, cone calorimeter coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（CC FTIR） and pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer（GC MS）. Results of TGA indicate that initial decomposition temperature of PIR PU is significantly lower than that of EPS and XPS; thermal decomposition behavior of EPS and XPS is very similar; at high temperature, compared with EPS and XPS, PIR PU is with much more char. From results of CC FTIR, the values of heat release rate（HRR）, total heat release（THR）, smoke production rate（SPR） and total smoke production（TSP） of PIR PU are significantly lower than that of EPS and XPS, and time to ignition（TTI） of PIR PU is shorter than that of EPS and XPS; the toxic gases such as CO and HCN are detected in fire effluents of PIR PU, EPS and XPS, fractional effective dose（FED） values suggest that fire hazard of the toxic gases in fire effluents of PIR PU is the most serious. Results of pyrolysis GC MS indicate that isocyanate derivatives, aniline derivatives and chlorine containing flame retardant in pyrolysis products of PIR PU are the main reason for the presence of HCN and HCl in fire effluents, and aromatic derivatives in pyrolysis products of EPS and XPS lead to much smoke.