木质类建材的自身吸声特性及影响因素

Sound Absorption Characteristics and Influence Factors of Wooden Building Materials

摘要:

采用驻波管法测定分析了实木、中密度纤维板、胶合板、刨花板等常见木质建筑材料的吸声特性,并分析了影响因素.实验结果显示:实木吸声性能较差,在各频率下的吸声率均小于20%;中密度纤维板、胶合板和刨花板的吸声性能略优于实木.降噪能力排序为:中密度纤维板>胶合板>刨花板>实体木材.在吸声频谱特性方面,实木、纤维板、胶合板和刨花板的吸收峰中心频率位于1000 Hz附近.在吸声影响因素方面,板厚度、密度和涂饰与否是影响木质材料吸声性能的重要因素,板厚度的增大、面密度的减小都有助于木质材料中低频吸声率的提高,但涂饰会使其吸声率有所降低,木质人造板涂饰后吸声性能的降幅要超过实木.

Abstract:

Stationary wave tube was used to test the sound absorption abilities and analyze the influence factors of wooden building materials,including timber,mediumdensity fiberboard(MDF),plywood(PL) and particleboard(PB).The results show that the sound absorption ability of timber is not ideal,whose sound absorption ratio(SAR) in each feature frequency are all less than 20%,while the sound absorption abilities of MDF,PL and PB are all superior to that of timber.The order of SAR is MDF>PL>PB>timber.For sound absorption frequency spectrum,the absorption peaks of timber,MDF,PL and PB are located at 1 000 Hz.For influence factors of SAR,the thickness of board,density of material,as well as whether being lacquer painted are significant factors.The increase of board thickness and decrease of board density could both contribute to the augment of SAR at medium or low frequency,but lacquer paint would decrease the SAR,and the decline extent of wood-based panels is larger than that of timber.