西安城墙明代“前衛”字砖材料成分、结构与性能研究

Composition, Structure and Properties of The Ming Dynasty Bricks Engraved with “Qi-anwei” Used in Xi’an Circumvallation

摘要:

西安城墙所用明代西安前卫承造城砖距今已有数百年历史，为更好的对西安城墙进行正确与科学的保护，选取了西安城墙含光门遗址博物馆收藏的残存“前衛”字样的西安前卫所承造城砖样品进行了检测分析，利用光学显微与扫描电镜（SEM）对城砖的形貌进行了观察，通过X射线能谱（EDS）、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线荧光(XRF)、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）及相关物性测试方法获得了城砖各项材料性能的数据，结果显示，现存“前衛”字砖物理、化学属性较好，反映了军队承造城砖的质量可靠性，体现了明代制砖工艺技术；但可能由于其历经岁月风雨，其机械性能有所下降。

Abstract:

The Xi’an Circumvallation made of the bricks made by the Xi’an Qianwei army of the Ming dynasty that has been a hundreds of years of history. In order to preserve Xi’an Circumvalla-tion. Clay brick specimen engraved with“Qianwei” was collected from Xi’an Hanguang En-trance Remains Museum. The microscopic morphology of the brick was observed by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Combination with energy disper-sive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and related physical properties test methods, the complete data of each brick are obtained, and the results show that the existing physical and chemical properties of “Xi’an Qianwei” brick are good, reflecting the quality reliability of the military governor-made brick, as well as the technical characteristics of brick making process in the Ming dynasty, but may be due to years of wind and rain erosion, The brick’s mechanical performance has somewhat declined.