面向原位建造技术的月壤模拟与制备

Lunar Regolith Simulants and Preparation Aimed at In-Situ Construction Technology

摘要:

原位开发月壤建材是实现中国探月和登月计划的基础和前提.针对模拟精度要求最高的碱激发混凝土技术，厘清模拟月壤的关键控制组分及敏感参数，区分胶凝材料和骨料2种粒径范围，建立了高等代模拟月壤制备流程.模拟月壤胶凝材料依据无定形物含量及其化学组成来保障化学性质高等代性，模拟月壤骨料通过颗粒形态精确模拟以实现湿拌工作性能高等代性.结果表明：模拟月壤胶凝材料的激发活性主要取决于无定形物含量和硅、铝、钙组成，模拟高地月壤胶凝材料玻璃体含量最高可达35.9%，Al₂O₃与CaO质量比为1.65，SiO₂含量为45.4%，相比月海月壤更适宜作为碱激发月壤混凝土的前体材料；月壤颗粒形态与粒径范围不相关，模拟月壤骨料的关键是粒径级配，以原始月壤作为建筑材料时仍需要进行级配优化.

Abstract:

The in-situ development of building materials from lunar regolith is fundamental for the realization of Chinese lunar base and moon landing missions. The high-precision simulants requirements for alkali-activated concrete technology is addressed， the key control components and sensitive parameters for simulation is clarified， and a high-equivalent simulation process for lunar regolith production by distinguishing between cementitious and aggregate materials based on particle size ranges is established. The simulants of cementitious lunar regolith ensures high-equivalent chemical properties through the content and chemical composition of amorphous materials； aggregate lunar regolith achieves high-equivalent workability of wet mix through precise particle morphology simulation. The investigation reveals that the activation potential of cementitious lunar regolith largely depends on the content of amorphous material and the compositions of silicon， aluminum， and calcium， with the highest vitreous content in highland cementitious simulated lunar regolith reaching up to 35.9%， Al₂O₃ to CaO mass ratio of 1.65 and SiO₂ content of 45.4%， could be used as suitable building material for alkali-activated lunar regolith concrete. The morphology of lunar regolith particles shows insensitivity to size changes， making particle size gradation crucial for simulating aggregate lunar regolith， which can be optimized by gradation before in-situ construction.