清华园出土古墓砖力学性能与微结构的关系

Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ancient Tomb Bricks Unearthed from Tsinghua Garden

摘要:

对清华园出土的跨越1 600年历史的古墓砖，进行了形貌、力学性能和孔隙率等宏观性能测试，以及化学组成、矿物组成等微观性能测试，全面剖析了不同朝代古墓砖的异同.结果表明：自晋朝至清朝，中国民间制砖工艺和制砖质量无显著变化；中国自秦朝就掌握了红砖和青砖2种制砖工艺；相较于红砖，青砖的体积密度更小，孔隙率更大，强度更高，这是因为烧成过程中，附加的焖烧阶段提升了青砖的烧结程度，产生了更高程度的碳酸钙分解和伊利石结晶水的汽化，促进了钙长石和玻璃相的生成.

Abstract:

Macro and micro performance of ancient tomb bricks unearthed from Tsinghua Garden covering a history of 1 600 years， including appearance， mechanical properties， porosity， chemical and mineral composition， were analyzed. The results show that from the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty， there is no significant change in the brick-making technology and brick quality. From the Qin Dynasty， red brick and blue brick was produced universally in China. Compared with red brick， the blue brick has smaller volume density， larger porosity and higher strength， resulted from the increased degree of sintering， higher degree of calcium carbonate decomposition and illite crystal water vaporization， and the increased amount of anorthite and glass phase formation.