By comparing the strength and durability differences between 3D printing concrete（3DPC） and casting concrete in different test directions， the anisotropic characteristics of the hardened properties of 3DPC and its dependence on the resting time were explored. The results show that the hardened properties of 3DPC have certain anisotropy， and the mechanical properties and impermeability in the vertical direction are higher. The anisotropy of hardened properties is related to the weak bonding interface between printing layers and the distribution of pores and defects in the concrete matrix. The bonding property of interlayer interface is obviously weakened when resting time is prolonged. The durability of different printing layers of 3DPC is different， the density of the upper layer of concrete is lower， and the diffusion rate of the aggressive medium is faster.